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* Peshmerga |combatant2 = Invasion phase (2003) Ba'athist Iraq |combatant2a = Post-invasion (2003–11) Iraqi Regional Branch * Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation * Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order ---- Sunni insurgents * Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–06) * Islamic State of Iraq (2006–11) * Islamic Army of Iraq * Ansar al-Sunnah ---- Shia insurgents * Mahdi Army * Special Groups * Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq * Others ''supported by:'' Iran * Quds Force〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Operations By Iran's Military Mastermind - Business Insider )〕 ---- For fighting between insurgent groups, see Sectarian violence in Iraq (2006–07). |commander1 = Ayad Allawi Ibrahim al-Jaafari Nouri al-Maliki Ricardo Sanchez George W. Casey, Jr. David Petraeus Raymond T. Odierno Lloyd Austin George W. Bush Tommy Franks Tony Blair Gordon Brown David Cameron Anders Fogh Rasmussen |commander2 = Ba'ath Party Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri ---- Sunni insurgency Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Abu Ayyub al-Masri Abu Omar al-Baghdadi Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Ishmael Jubouri Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i ---- Shia insurgency Muqtada al-Sadr Abu Deraa Qais al-Khazali Akram al-Kabi * Qasem Soleimani〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Operations By Iran's Military Mastermind - Business Insider )〕 |strength1 = Invasion forces (2003–04) 309,000 : 192,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Timeline of Iraq War, Troop Levels )〕 : 45,000 : 2,000 : 194 Peshmerga: 70,000 ---- Coalition forces (2004–09) 176,000 at peak United States Forces – Iraq (2010–11) 112,000 at activation Security contractors 6,000–7,000 (estimate) Iraqi security forces 805,269 (military and paramilitary: 578,269, police: 227,000) Awakening militias ≈103,000 (2008) Iraqi Kurdistan ≈400,000 (Kurdish Border Guard: 30,000, Peshmerga 375,000) |strength2 = 20px Iraqi Armed Forces: 375,000 (disbanded in 2003) 15px Special Iraqi Republican Guard: 12,000 15px Iraqi Republican Guard: 70,000–75,000 20px Fedayeen Saddam: 30,000 ---- Sunni Insurgents ≈70,000 (2007)〔The Brookings Institution (Iraq Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam Iraq ) 1 October 2007〕 al-Qaeda ≈1,300 (2006)〔Pincus, Walter. ("Violence in Iraq Called Increasingly Complex" ). ''The Washington Post,'' 17 November 2006.〕 Islamic State of Iraq ≈1,000 (2008) Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order ≈500–1,000 (2007) |casualties1 = Iraqi Security Forces (post-Saddam) Killed: 17,690〔260 killed in 2003,() 15,196 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009),() 67 killed in March 2009,() 1,100 killed in 2010,() and 1,067 killed in 2011,() thus giving a total of 17,690 dead〕 Wounded: 40,000+〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraq War )〕 Coalition forces Killed: 4,809〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Operation Iraqi Freedom )〕 (4,491 U.S.,〔http://www.defenselink.mil/news/casualty.pdf〕 179 UK,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fact Sheets | Operations Factsheets | Operations in Iraq: British Fatalities )〕 139 other) Missing/captured (U.S.): 17 (8 rescued, 9 died in captivity)〔; As of July 2012, seven American private contractors remain unaccounted for. Their names are: Jeffrey Ake, Aban Elias, Abbas Kareem Naama, Neenus Khoshaba, Bob Hamze, Dean Sadek and Hussain al-Zurufi. Healy, Jack, "(With Withdrawal Looming, Trails Grow Cold For Americans Missing In Iraq )", ''The New York Times'', 22 May 2011, p. 6.〕 Wounded: 32,753+ (32,226 U.S.,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Casualty )〕 315 UK, 212+ other〔33 Ukrainians (), 31+ Italians () (), 30 Bulgarians () (), 20 Salvadorans (), 19 Georgians (), 18 Estonians (), 16+ Poles () () () () (), 15 Spaniards () () () (), 10 Romanians (), 6 Australians (), 5 Albanians, 4 Kazakhs (), 3 Filipinos () and 2 Thais () () for a total of 212+〕)〔Many official U.S. tables at ("Military Casualty Information" ). See (latest totals for injury, disease/other medical )〕〔("Casualties in Iraq" ).〕〔iCasualties.org (was lunaville.org). Benicia, California. Patricia Kneisler, ''et al.'', ("Iraq Coalition Casualties" )〕〔("Defence Internet Fact Sheets Operations in Iraq: British Casualties" ). UK Ministry of Defense. (Latest combined casualty and fatality tables ).〕 Injured/diseases/other medical *: 51,139 (47,541 U.S.,〔http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/CASUALTY/oif-total.pdf〕 3,598 UK)〔〔〔 Contractors Killed: 1,554〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP) – Defense Base Act Case Summary by Nation )〕 Wounded & injured: 43,880〔〔 Awakening Councils Killed: 1,002+〔185 in Diyala from June 2007 to December 2007,() 4 in assassination of Abu Risha, 25 on 12 November 2007,() 528 in 2008,() 27 on 2 January 2009,() 53 From 6 to 12 April 2009,() 13 on 16 November 2009,() 15 in December 2009,() 100+ from April to June 2010,() () 52 on 18 July 2010,() () total of 1,002+ dead〕 Wounded: 500+ (2007), 828 (2008) Total dead: 25,286 Total wounded: 117,961 |casualties2 = Iraqi combatant dead (invasion period): 7,600–10,800〔Press release (28 October 2003). ("New Study Finds: 11,000 to 15,000 Killed in Iraq War; 30 Percent are Non-Combatants; Death Toll Hurts Postwar Stability Efforts, Damages US Image Abroad" ). Project on Defense Alternatives (''via'' Common Dreams NewsCenter). Retrieved 2 September 2010.〕〔Conetta, Carl (23 October 2003). ("The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict — Project on Defense Alternative Research Monograph #8" ). Project on Defense Alternatives (''via'' Commonwealth Institute). Retrieved 2 September 2010.〕 Insurgents (post-Saddam) Killed: 26,544 (2003–11)〔597 killed in 2003,(), 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009),() 652 killed in May 2004,() 45 killed in March 2009,() 676 killed in 2010,() and 590 killed in 2011,() thus giving a total of 26,544 dead〕 Detainees: 12,000 (Iraqi-held) Total dead: 34,144–37,344 |casualties3 = Estimated violent deaths: ''Lancet'' survey (March 2003 – July 2006): 601,027 (95% CI: 426,369–793,663)〔. By Gilbert Burnham, Riyadh Lafta, Shannon Doocy, and Les Roberts. ''The Lancet,'' 11 October 2006〕〔. By Gilbert Burnham, Shannon Doocy, Elizabeth Dzeng, Riyadh Lafta, and Les Roberts. A supplement to the October 2006 Lancet study. It is also found here: () ()〕 Iraq Family Health Survey (March 2003 – July 2006): 151,000 (95% CI: 104,000–223,000)〔("Iraq Family Health Survey" ) New England Journal of Medicine 31 January 2008〕 Documented deaths from violence: Iraq Body Count (2003 – 14 December 2011): 103,160–113,728 civilian deaths recorded,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraq Body Count )〕 and 12,438 new deaths added from the Iraq War Logs〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraq War Logs: What the numbers reveal )〕 Associated Press (March 2003 – April 2009): 110,600 For more information see: Casualties of the Iraq War |notes= * "injured, diseased, or other medical": required medical air transport. UK number includes "aeromed evacuations" * * Total deaths include all additional deaths due to increased lawlessness, degraded infrastructure, poorer healthcare, etc. |campaignbox = }} The Iraq War〔The conflict is also known as the War in Iraq, the Occupation of Iraq, the Second Gulf War, Gulf War II, and Gulf War 2. The period of the war lasting from 2003 to 2010 was referred to as Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States military.〕 was a protracted armed conflict that began with the 2003 invasion of Iraq led by the United States. The invasion regime toppled the government of Saddam Hussein. However, the conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/870845/Iraq-War )〕 An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 3–4 years of conflict. The United States officially withdrew from the country in 2011 but became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition; the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue. The invasion began on 20 March 2003, with the U.S., joined by the United Kingdom and several coalition allies, launching a "shock and awe" bombing campaign. Iraqi forces were quickly overwhelmed as U.S. forces swept through the country. The invasion led to the collapse of the Ba'athist government; Saddam was captured in December 2003 and executed by a military court three years later. However, the power vacuum following Saddam's demise and the mismanagement of the occupation led to widespread sectarian violence between Shias and Sunnis as well as a lengthy insurgency against U.S. and coalition forces. The United States responded with a troop surge in 2007 to attempt to reduce the violence. The U.S. began withdrawing its troops in the winter of 2007–08. The winding down of U.S. involvement in Iraq accelerated under President Barack Obama. The U.S. formally withdrew all combat troops from Iraq by December 2011. The Bush administration based its rationale for war principally on the assertion that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and that Saddam's government posed an immediate threat to the United States and its coalition allies.〔Center for American Progress (29 January 2004) ("In Their Own Words: Iraq's 'Imminent' Threat" ) ''americanprogress.org''〕〔Senator Bill Nelson (28 January 2004) ("New Information on Iraq's Possession of Weapons of Mass Destruction", ) ''Congressional Record''〕 Select U.S. officials accused Saddam of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, while others cited the desire to end a repressive dictatorship and bring democracy to the people of Iraq.〔("President Discusses the Future of Iraq" ) The White House, 26 February 2003〕〔("Bush Sought 'Way' To Invade Iraq?" ) ''60 Minutes''〕 After the invasion, no substantial evidence was found to verify the initial claims about WMDs. The rationale and misrepresentation of pre-war intelligence faced heavy criticism within the U.S. and internationally. As a result of the war, Iraq held multi-party elections in 2005. Nouri al-Maliki became Prime Minister in 2006 and remained in office until 2014. The Maliki government enacted policies that were widely seen as having the effect of alienating the country's Sunni minority and worsening sectarian tensions. In the summer of 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) launched a military offensive in Northern Iraq and declared a worldwide Islamic caliphate, eliciting another military response from the United States and its allies. The Iraq War caused hundreds of thousands of civilian and military casualties (see estimates below). The majority of casualties occurred as a result of the insurgency and civil conflicts between 2004 and 2007. ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iraq War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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